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Max is a visual programming language for music and multimedia developed and maintained by San Francisco-based software company Cycling '74. During its 20-year history, it has been used by composers, performers, software designers, researchers, and artists to create recordings, performances, and installations. The Max program is modular. Most routines exist as shared libraries. An application programming interface (API) allows third-party development of new routines (named ''external objects''). Thus, Max has a large user base of programmers unaffiliated with Cycling '74 who enhance the software with commercial and non-commercial extensions to the program. Because of its extensible design and graphical user interface (GUI), which represents the program structure and the user interface as presented to the user simultaneously, Max has been described as the lingua franca for developing interactive music performance software.〔Place, T. and Lossius, T.: Jamoma: (A modular standard for structuring patches in Max ). In Proc. of the International Computer Music Conference 2006, pages 143–146, New Orleans, US, 2006. 〕 == History == Miller Puckette originally wrote Max at IRCAM in the mid-1980s, as the ''Patcher'' editor for the Macintosh to provide composers with an authoring system for interactive computer music. It was first used by Philippe Manoury in 1988 to write a piano and computer piece named ''Pluton'', which synchronized a computer to a piano and controlled a Sogitec 4X for audio processing. In 1989, IRCAM developed and maintained a concurrent version of Max ported to the IRCAM Signal Processing Workstation (ISPW) for the NeXT, and later Silicon Graphics (SGI) and Linux, named Max ''Faster Than Sound'' (Max/FTS), and being analogous to a forerunner to MSP enhanced by a hardware digital signal processor (DSP) board on the computer. In 1989, IRCAM licensed it to Opcode Systems, which sold a commercial version in 1990 named Max (developed and extended by David Zicarelli). As the software was never a perfect fit for Opcode Systems, the firm ceased actively developing it in the mid-90s. The current commercial version of Max has since been distributed by Zicarelli's company, Cycling '74 (founded in 1997〔(About Us ). Cycling74.com. Retrieved March 3, 2012.〕), since 1999.〔("FAQ Max4" ). Cycling74.com. Retrieved March 3, 2012.〕 Puckette released a fully redesigned free software computer program in 1996 named ''Pure Data'' (Pd), which, despite several fundamental differences from the IRCAM original, is superficially very similar and remains an open-source alternative to Max/MSP. Max has several extensions and incarnations; most notably, a set of audio extensions to the software appeared in 1997, derived partly from Puckette's subsequent work in Pure Data. Named ''Max Signal Processing'' (MSP), or for the initials of Miller S. Puckette, this add-on package for Max allowed manipulatingng digital audio signals in real-time, allowing users to create their own synthesizers and effects processors (Max had formerly been designed to interface with hardware synthesizers, samplers, etc. as a control language using Musical Instrument Device Interface (MIDI) or some other protocol). In 1998, a direct descendant of Max/FTS was developed in Java (jMax) and released as open-source. In 1999, Netochka Nezvanova released nato.0+55, a suite of externals that added extensive real time video control to Max. Though nato became increasingly popular among multimedia artists, its development stopped in 2001. Canadian media artist David Rokeby developed SoftVNS, a third-party package for visual processing in Max, and released it in 2002. In the meantime, Cycling '74 developed their own set of video extensions. They released a major package for Max/MSP named ''Jitter'' in 2003, which provides real-time video, 3-D, and matrix processing ability. In addition, several Max-like programs share the same concept of visual programming in real time, such as Quartz Composer (by Apple) and vvvv, which both focus on realtime video synthesis and processing. Pure Data also remains widely used. A major update to Max/MSP/Jitter, Max 5, was released in 2008. It included a revamped user interface and new objects. In November 2011, Cycling '74 released Max 6, a major overhaul with further improvements to the user interface and a new audio engine compatible with 64-bit operating systems. Gen, an add-on for patching and code compiling 〔("GEN - Extend the power of Max" ). Cycling74.com.〕 was also released. In November 2014, Cycling '74 released Max 7, an update that featured an optimized interface, higher performance, and new tools for organizing files and tutorials.〔Cycling '74 (2014). "Max 7 is Patching Reimagined." https://cycling74.com/max7/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Max (software)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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